Phonetics | Types | Branches | sounds | Tables | PDF of Notes | Short terms | Urdu and Hindi | PDF

Phonetics | Types | Branches | sounds | Tables | PDF of Notes | Short terms | Urdu and Hindi | PDF 

Phonetics is the area of linguistics that focuses on the sounds of spoken language. The physical characteristics of sounds, as well as how they are created, transported, and perceived, are the main topics. Understanding and analysing the sounds used in various languages is made easier by phonetics.

Consonants, vowels, and suprasegmental characteristics are the three primary categories into which phonetics divides sounds.

    Consonants: When the airflow is blocked completely or partially, sounds called consonants are created. They are distinguished by the presence of vocal tract closure or constriction. Consonant sounds include /p/, /t/, /s/, /m/, and /n/, among others.

    Vowels: Vowels are produced when the vocal tract isn't significantly constricted. The way their tongue, lips, and jaw are positioned helps to identify them. Vowel sounds include /i:/, /e/, /a/, /o/, and /u:/ as examples.

    Stress, intonation, and tone are examples of suprasegmental qualities, which refer to aspects of speech that are above the individual sounds. They support the rhythm and meaning of speech.

Here is a table containing some frequently used phonetic names and their symbols:

 

PDF

 

 

Please note that these symbols represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which is commonly used to transcribe sounds in phonetics.

Term	Symbol	Example Word
Voiced	[v]	"van"
Voiceless	[f]	"fan"
Bilabial	[p]	"pen"
Labiodental	[f]	"fine"
Dental	[θ]	"think"
Alveolar	[s]	"sun"
Postalveolar	[ʃ]	"she"
Palatal	[j]	"yes"
Velar	[k]	"cat"
Glottal	[h]	"hat"
Front	[i]	"see"
Central	[ə]	"about"
Back	[u]	"food"
High	[i]	"see"
Mid	[ɛ]	"bed"
Low	[æ]	"cat"

 

Phonetics is the study of the sounds of human speech, focusing on their production, transmission, and perception. It involves analyzing and categorizing the sounds used in different languages. Here are some examples of phonetics:

1. Articulatory Phonetics: This branch of phonetics studies how sounds are produced and involves analyzing the movements and positions of the speech organs. For example, it investigates how the tongue, lips, and vocal cords are used to produce specific sounds.

2. Acoustic Phonetics: Acoustic phonetics examines the physical properties of sounds, particularly their frequency, amplitude, and duration. It focuses on the transmission of sounds through the air and the way they are perceived by the human ear.

3. Auditory Phonetics: Auditory phonetics is concerned with how sounds are perceived and processed by the human auditory system. It investigates how the ear and the brain interpret and understand different speech sounds.

Now, regarding the 44 phonetic sounds in English, it's important to note that the English language has more sounds than that. However, if you're referring to the 44 sounds represented by the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) for Received Pronunciation (RP) English, here they are:

1. Vowels (20 sounds):

   • Monophthongs: /i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /ɛ/, /æ/, /ɑ:/, /ɒ/, /ɔ:/, /ʊ/, /u:/, /ʌ/, /ə/, /ɜ:/

   • Diphthongs: /eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, /aʊ/, /əʊ/, /ɪə/, /eə/, /ʊə/

2. Consonants (24 sounds):

   • Plosives: /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/

   • Nasals: /m/, /n/, /ŋ/

   • Fricatives: /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/

   • Affricates: /tʃ/, /dʒ/

   • Approximants: /j/, /w/

   • Lateral approximant: /l/

   • Rhotic approximant: /r/

Please note that the sounds in English can vary depending on regional accents and dialects. The 44 sounds listed here are a general representation of RP English.

 

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